Pattern of coronary artery disease and its correlation with risk factors and severity of disease in patients with established peripheral artery disease: Doppler and angiographic study

Objective: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the underdiagnosed and undertreated vascular disease burden irrespective of symptoms in India. The main of our study to assess the pattern in angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) and PAD severity using Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II (TASC II) in Indian population. Methods: This prospective observational study includes 500 patients admitted with clinical symptoms suggestive of PAD. Clinical and demographic characteristics, risk factors of CAD and past history were recorded. Ankle brachial index (ABI) and The Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II (TASC II) classification (TASC II) score were evaluated for severity of PAD and SYNTAX score was calculated for severity of CAD. Results: The study, involved predominantly male participants with a mean age of 59.2 years. The study found that 34% of patients had double vessel disease (DVD), 28% had triple vessel disease (TVD), and 22% had single vessel disease (SVD). Findings were consistent across the four PAD TASC II classification subtypes, with increasing severity of PAD linked to greater severity of CAD. Type D patients were mostly seen in moderate (38.5%) and severe (30.8%) SYNTAX score groups. Significant differences were observed in mean SYNTAX scores and reductions in ABI across TASC II subtypes, indicating increased PAD severity (p<0.0001). Conclusions: There is a significant association between coronary and peripheral artery disease severity, as measured by the SYNTAX score and TASC II classifications. The severity of the CAD was increasing with the increasing PAD severity.