Design, implementation and outcomes of a national oxygen distribution network in Lesotho

This study demonstrates the feasibility of an oxygen distribution network in Lesotho, providing proof-of-concept for an intervention to improve oxygen access in low- and middle-income countries. By employing real-time monitoring and redundant sourcing, the network provided a reliable oxygen supply responsive to variations in demand and periods of oxygen plant downtime. This study also provides insights into facility-level oxygen consumption, which may help policymakers improve quantification and prediction of oxygen demand. Future efforts should focus on enhancing data collection, characterising oxygen usage and strengthening infrastructure to promote sustainable oxygen security.