THIẾT KẾ DẠY HỌC TỔNG THỂ - BÀI HỌC KINH NGHIỆM TRÊN THẾ GIỚI TRONG GIÁO DỤC HÒA NHẬP HỌC SINH KHUYẾT TẬT TRÍ TUỆ

Students with intellectual disabilities have neurodevelopmental disorders that interfere with brain function and slow down cognitive, learning, and social adaptation abilities... as well as an individual's ability to develop normally. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an integrated and flexible teaching method that creates a comprehensive learning environment that meets the needs of students with intellectual disabilities. The article addresses the following issues: intellectual disabilities; universal learning design; theories supporting access to inclusive education for students with intellectual disabilities; problems faced by students with intellectual disabilities to access inclusive education; and universal design for learning that expands learning to support inclusive education. The paper has reviewed previous studies to clarify the above issues as well as apply universal design for learning in teaching students with intellectual disabilities in the world. Therefore, some lessons for applying universal Design for Learning (UDL) for students with intellectual disabilities to improve the quality of inclusive education in Vietnam.