Comparative Assessment of Microbiological Quality and Safety of Raw Mutton Meat Sold in Different Retail Shops of Multan, Punjab, Pakistan

This study investigates the microbiological quality and safety of raw mutton meat sold in various retail shops in Multan, Pakistan. Meat, a critical protein source, is highly susceptible to microbial contamination, leading to spoilage and foodborne illnesses. A total of 270 samples, comprising 108 meat samples (breast and shank) and 162 environmental swabs from butcher equipment, were collected from 18 retail outlets. The microbial load, expressed in log 10 CFU/g ± standard deviation, revealed significant contamination in both meat and equipment. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Brucella, and Listeria species were identified, with E. coli being the most prevalent. The highest bacterial count was observed in mutton shank (3.59 ± 0.23 log CFU/g). The study highlights the substantial risk of meat spoilage and consumer health threats posed by microbial contamination. These findings underscore the need for stringent hygiene practices in meat handling and equipment sanitation to ensure food safety. Similar contamination trends have been noted in other developing countries, emphasizing the global relevance of this issue.