Bone mineral density in children with obesity according to densitometry data. Literature review

Relevance of the study. Early diagnosis of osteopenia in obesity, the most common endocrine disease in childhood, is currently one of the most pressing medical and social problems. A decrease in bone mineral density associated with osteoporosis, as the disease progresses, leads to a significant decrease in bone strength, contributing to the occurrence of inadequate fractures of various localizations, leading to a significant decrease in the quality of life. Objective. Systematization of available research data indicating the effectiveness of using ultrasound and X-ray densitometry in diagnosing changes in bone mineral density in children with obesity. Material and methods. A search of literature sources was conducted using the library platforms PubMed, eLIBRARY, scholar. google for the last 10 years using the keywords: bone mineral density, densitometry, obesity, children. Results and discussion. The article analyzes data on the prevalence of overweight in the child population, metabolic disorders that occur with obesity. Options for instrumental diagnostics of osteopenic disorders in children are considered. The article presents current literature data on the state of bone mineral density in pediatric patients suffering from obesity/overweight. Age-related aspects of bone metabolism dynamics in children with obesity according to densitometry data are shown. Data are presented confirming a decrease in bone mineral density in obesity, as well as proving a direct relationship between bone metabolism and accumulation of adipose tissue. The importance of assessing bone metabolism in obesity in children and the high efficiency of densitometry in its assessment are shown. Conclusions. It is necessary to include determination of bone mineral density in the standard examination of pediatric patients with obesity. Mass examination will provide reliable information on the state of bone mineral density in children with overweight, ensure timely correction of the pathological condition, reduce the prevalence of the disease during timely prevention and disability of the child population.