Exploring Magnetic Field-Dependent Viscosity of Hybrid Ferrofluid on Elongated Surfaces

Hybrid ferrofluid holds significant promise in medical applications and targeted drug de livery. An external magnetic field may alter the rheological properties of the ferrofluids. This study investigates the magnetic field-dependent viscosity (MFDV) in a hybrid ferrofluid composed of mag netite ferrite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) over an elongated surface, where a mixture of ethylene glycol and water serves as the conventional fluid. The influence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is taken into account. The developed nonlinear governing equations are transformed into or dinary differential equations using the similarity transformation method. Then, the bvp4c solver in MATLAB is employed to compute the numerical results. The findings reveal that both the velocity and temperature fields experience an upsurge due to the MFDV. Moreover, the MHD effect enhances the thermal profile while reducing the velocity field of the hybrid ferrofluid. These findings present promising opportunities for the development of innovative medical technologies that capitalise on the unique properties of hybrid ferrofluid.