Domestic water hardness, genetic risk, and distinct phenotypes of cardiovascular disease
Potential U-shaped associations between domestic water hardness and incident AF across varying levels of genetic risk were found. Hard water (121-180 mg/L) may offer the most benefits compared to soft water when considering overall cardiovascular health, including AF, HF, CHD, and stroke.
Authors
- Ying Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8529-3521)
- Xiuli Peng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-6999)
- Genfeng Yu
- Xiaoyu Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6081-2196)
- Ningjian Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-6991)
- Heng Wan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-5920)
- Zihao Gui
- Feng Tian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9680-4518)
- Mengyuan Yang
Institutions
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital (CN)
- The First People's Hospital of Shunde (CN)
- Southern Medical University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Environmental Health
- Published
- 2025-03-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-025-01166-7
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Sodium Intake and Health
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.48