Ways to Create Forest Carbon Farms to Achieve Carbon Neutrality and Climate Regulation

Projects for the formation of carbon farms stand out as one of the varieties of forest climate projects. The possibility of creating carbon farms based on highly productive pine stands is analyzed by forming plantations of optimal structure throughout the entire cycle of the forest climate project. The enhancement of carbon-storage functions of plantations begins to manifest itself almost immediately after forestry measures are carried out, and not after 10–15 years, as in the case of implementing afforestation and forestation projects. The creation of carbon farms using pine stands offers certain advantages over those based on other fast-growing tree species, including neophytes, which have a high absorption rate. CO2 does not guarantee reliable and long-term retention of deposited carbon in the phytomass of plants, especially in the case of perennial grasses. By analyzing experimental data on the current growth of wood in pine forests of the first quality class of different ages of fullness and density, as well as literary and reference data, the dependence of the growth of pine forests on density and fullness is revealed. Using the identified dependencies, the growth response and the amount of CO2 deposition were estimated in plantations of different taxation structures. For an objective assessment of the carbon depositing functions of the proposed carbon farms, the values of growth and, accordingly, carbon deposition not only by stem wood, but also by other fractions of phytomass, including needles, branches, and roots, were determined. Optimal values of density at the maximum possible fullness for plantings of each age group were determined.