Development and Applications of Plant Wearable Electronic Devices

Climate change and emerging pollutants, such as fine dust and microplastics, are severely impacting ecosystems and agriculture. Plants are particularly vulnerable, leading to reduced productivity and food security concerns. While solutions like vertical farming, drone monitoring, and analysis driven by artificial intelligence (AI) are being explored, precise plant health monitoring remains challenging due to the limitations of current sensor technologies. This review highlights plant wearable electronics for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of plant health and rhizosphere conditions. These devices, attached to or integrated with plant surfaces, enable accurate data collection on internal plant states and environmental parameters, enhancing cultivation strategies. Electrical sensing methods, with real-time data acquisition, offer significant advantages for AI-based agricultural analysis. Key considerations include overcoming plant surface complexity, ensuring photosynthesis and gas exchange, and minimizing growth interference. This paper examines innovative materials, substrates, and attachment techniques to advance plant wearable technologies for sustainable agriculture.