Emerging substance abuse trends in Jammu & Kashmir: shifts, forensic challenges and strategic responses

Substance abuse and addiction have widespread impacts, threatening the public health, societal stability and affecting the security worldwide. The illicit drug trade exacerbates these challenges, fuelling crime and criminality, corruption and terrorism. This study investigates the evolving patterns of drug abuse in Jammu & Kashmir, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have precipitated a shift in substance use from heroin to alternative drugs. This shift, largely undocumented in existing literature, highlights the need for further research to understand the changing dynamics of drug use in the region. The study highlights the gaps in forensic infrastructure in J&K and emphasizes the critical role of continuous advancements in forensic science and analytical methodologies in identifying emerging drugs of abuse. This research underscores the importance of forensic reports in guiding public health and law enforcement responses, with the potential to shape policies and strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of substance abuse in conflict-affected regions. Such advancements are essential for safeguarding public health through early detection and warning systems while strengthening the justice system revolving around the rule of law. The manuscript reflects on the significant rise in drug abuse cases and unreported deaths in Jammu & Kashmir, underscoring the necessity for comprehensive and statistically valid research to better understand the epidemiology of substance abuse. The study also highlights the importance of empowering harm reduction services and reinforcing family values, social norms, and religious ethics to combat the growing drug crisis. The findings and recommendations aim to contribute to the development of robust forensic and public health frameworks that address the complex challenges of drug abuse in Jammu & Kashmir.