Diagnostic and predictive value of Doppler ultrasound for evaluation of complications in preterm infants

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic and predictive utility of Doppler ultrasound in identifying complications and outcomes in preterm infants. Study Design: A cross-sectional study conducted at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, involving 100–120 preterm infants selected through a convenient sampling method. Doppler ultrasound was used within 72 hours of symptom onset to assess cerebral hemodynamics. Methods: Key variables included gestational age, birth weight, and complications such as patent ductus arteriosus, periventricular leukomalacia, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Doppler findings, including resistive index (RI) and cerebral perfusion, were analyzed. Statistical methods included correlation and regression analyses to determine relationships between Doppler findings and clinical outcomes. Results: Patent ductus arteriosus (30%) was the most common, followed by intraventricular hemorrhage (25%). Increased RI was observed in 40% of participants, reduced cerebral perfusion in 20%, and normal Doppler flow in 40%. Increased RI significantly predicted mortality (OR = 4.2, p < 0.01), while reduced perfusion was associated with neurodevelopmental delays (OR = 3.8, p < 0.01). Normal Doppler flow correlated with favorable outcomes in 60% of cases. Conclusion: It is concluded that Doppler ultrasound is a critical tool for early identification and prediction of complications in preterm infants. Its non-invasive nature and real-time data capability make it essential for neonatal care. Future studies should validate findings in diverse populations and explore integration with other diagnostic tools to enhance predictive accuracy.