Highlighting the increasing threat of monkeypox in Pakistan as a pressing public health concern requiring immediate attention

Abstract The surge in monkeypox (mpox) cases has generated global concern. An unexpected outbreak in May 2022 spread rapidly, driven by clade IIb, predominantly affecting men who have sex with men. As of mid-2024, over 120 countries reported mpox cases, with 100,000 confirmed cases and 220 deaths, leading WHO to declare two PHEICs. In Pakistan, since April 2023, 11 cases and one death were recorded, primarily in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, highlighting challenges in diagnostic testing and public awareness. Efforts by the Ministry of Health focus on surveillance and education, but enhanced strategies are needed. These include improved surveillance, healthcare workers' training, international collaboration, and vaccination programs. Addressing these gaps is crucial for effective containment and prevention of further spread.