Dynamic Response Mechanism and Theoretical Study of Projectile Penetrating Rock Target

High-strength rock is extensively utilized in protection engineering on account of its superior protective properties. This study focuses on the dynamic response of high-strength rock when subjected to high-speed impacts from penetrating projectiles, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the projectile during the penetration process. In light of the inherent characteristics of strong brittleness, susceptibility to crack formation, and minimal volumetric strain exhibited by rock media, the media subjected to varying degrees of deformation during penetration can be categorized into three distinct regions: the elastic region, the crack region and the crush region. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic response of the rock medium by formulating the governing equations pertinent to the stress state of the medium. The solutions to these equations are derived utilizing discontinuity theory, thereby elucidating the dynamic response behavior of rock media. Building upon this framework, the projectile’s dynamic equation is formulated utilizing the normal cavity expansion theory. The analysis of the equation elucidates the dynamic response characteristics of the projectile during penetration, and it offers a computational methodology for evaluating the projectile’s acceleration. Penetration experiments and numerical simulations have been conducted, yielding results that closely align with theoretical calculations. This correlation substantiates the assertion that the theoretical model effectively characterizes the dynamic mechanical response of both projectiles and targets upon impact.