BEYOND AESTHETICS: ADDRESSING ORNAMENTAL FISH WELFARE IN INDIA

The ornamental fish industry in India is experiencing rapid growth, driven by increasing consumer interest, government initiatives, and global trade opportunities. However, this expansion has raised significant concerns regarding fish welfare, environmental sustainability, and regulatory oversight. The purpose of this white paper is to examine the welfare conditions of ornamental fish in India, analyze gaps in existing regulations, and propose actionable solutions to ensure ethical and sustainable practices in the sector. A qualitative research methodology was employed, incorporating a comprehensive literature review, analysis of legal frameworks, and industry insights. Primary data from trade reports, policy documents, and expert consultations were synthesized to assess current practices across the ornamental fish supply chain, from capture and handling to transportation and aquarium conditions. The findings reveal widespread welfare issues, including high mortality rates due to poor handling, transportation stress, and inadequate habitat management. Additionally, destructive fishing practices and the introduction of invasive species pose severe threats to biodiversity and ecological balance. The study also identifies regulatory gaps, such as weak enforcement of existing laws and the absence of species-specific welfare guidelines. The managerial implications emphasize the need for policy interventions, industry collaboration, and consumer awareness. Key recommendations include the implementation of standardized welfare protocols, stricter regulations on harmful capture methods, improved trade monitoring, and incentives for sustainable aquaculture practices. Industry stakeholders, including government bodies, breeders, and retailers, must work collectively to enhance welfare standards and align with global best practices. By addressing these challenges, India has the opportunity to become a global leader in responsible ornamental fish trade. This paper serves as a strategic resource for policymakers, industry leaders, and welfare advocates to drive ethical reforms and ensure a sustainable future for the sector.