Statins as Potential Therapy in Periodontal Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Challenges

Statins, well recognized for their lipid-lowering and cardiovascular benefits, have emerged as prospective adjuncts in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Their pleiotropic actions, encompassing anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and osteogenic properties, align with the therapeutic objectives of periodontal care. Clinical studies demonstrate their efficacy in enhancing periodontal outcomes, such as probing depth reduction, clinical attachment level gain, alveolar bone preservation, and improvements in periodontal inflammation biomarkers, particularly when used alongside existing periodontal therapies. Despite these encouraging outcomes, challenges persist. Systemic side effects, variability in pharmacological actions among different statins, and the absence of commercially available localized delivery systems restrict their wider application. Furthermore, interactions with existing therapies and patient-specific factors, such as comorbidities, necessitate meticulous consideration. This review explores the potential mechanisms of action, reviews clinical evidence, and examines the challenges associated with incorporating statins into periodontal therapy