The influence of physical and non-physical factors on employee well-being in office spaces: A comprehensive study of the work environment

Abstract An optimal work environment is crucial for supporting employee well-being, yet the combined influence of physical and non-physical factors on employee well-being is not fully understood. This study aims to examine the impact of physical factors such as air quality, lighting, ventilation, and thermal comfort, as well as non-physical factors such as safety, cleanliness, views, and layout on employee well-being. A quantitative survey method was used with a sample of all employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), and the data were analyzed using Multiple Regression. The results show significant effects of physical environmental factors on employee well-being (t (35) = 3.600, p = 0.001), non-physical environmental factors on employee well-being (t(35) = 6.128, p = 0.000), as well as the combined effect of physical and non-physical environmental factors on employee well-being (F(2, 32) = 57.045, p = 0.000). These findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in designing and managing the work environment to enhance employee well-being. The practical implications of this research include recommendations for improving the quality of the work environment that can be applied by managers and office space designers to create healthier, more comfortable, and more productive workplaces.