Are Inclusion and Diversity Even Possible? A Best-Fit Framework Synthesis of Video Game Development Ethnographies

This article synthesizes qualitative evidence from ethnographies within video game development companies. A best-fit framework synthesis was conducted, combining the strengths of framework and thematic analysis to interpret the results of 55 ethnographic studies. The analysis revealed that the field of video game development is dominated by technologists and publishers with economic and cultural capitals determining the positions within the field. Within every studio cultural, economic, and social capitals significantly influence developers’ experiences, with persistent issues of job precarity, extended working hours, and underrepresentation of marginalized groups. Developers often face limited creative freedom and significant control which affects their work dynamics and inclusion efforts. Despite these challenges, some studies highlighted peripheral areas where diversity is actively sought and valued. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions at multiple ecological levels to foster a more inclusive and diverse video game development industry.