Patterns and directions of regional structure development in the City of Surakarta in 2015-2023

Abstract Surakarta City has experienced rapid development in the last few decades, driven by high demand for land for housing, commercial, industrial, infrastructure, and utilities, especially in developing countries. As a center of economic, cultural, and tourism activities, Surakarta City faces the challenge of limited land amidst the increasing population, which has the potential to cause a crisis of land for housing and business. This study examines the pattern and direction of development of the Surakarta regional structure from 2015 to 2023, using quantitative descriptive methods to reveal facts on the ground. The results show that the structure of Surakarta City follows a dual core pattern, with six spatial use patterns related to economic value. The development of the city moves from south to north. Further research is recommended to analyze the socio-economic and ecological impacts of changes in regional structure, as well as evaluate sustainable spatial planning policies that support adaptive and environmentally friendly urban planning.