Internet of Things-Cloud Control of a Robotic Cell Based on Inverse Kinematics, Hardware-in-the-Loop, Digital Twin, and Industry 4.0/5.0

The main task of the research involves creating a Digital Twin (DT) application serving as a framework for Virtual Commissioning (VC) with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Cloud storage solutions. An Internet of Things (IoT) integrated automation system with Virtual Private Network (VPN) remote control for assembly and disassembly robotic cell (A/DRC) equipped with a six-Degree of Freedom (6-DOF) ABB 120 industrial robotic manipulator (IRM) is presented in this paper. A three-dimensional (3D) virtual model is developed using Siemens NX Mechatronics Concept Designer (MCD), while the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is programmed in the Siemens Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) Portal. A Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation strategy is primarily used. This concept is implemented and executed as part of a VC approach, where the designed PLC programs are integrated and tested against the physical controller. Closed loop control and RM inverse kinematics model are validated and tested in PLC, following HIL strategy by integrating Industry 4.0/5.0 concepts. A SCADA application is also deployed, serving as a DT operator panel for process monitoring and simulation. Cloud data collection, analysis, supervising, and synchronizing DT tasks are also integrated and explored. Additionally, it provides communication interfaces via PROFINET IO to SCADA and Human Machine Interface (HMI), and through Open Platform Communication-Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) for Siemens NX-MCD with DT virtual model. Virtual A/DRC simulations are performed using the Synchronized Timed Petri Nets (STPN) model for control strategy validation based on task planning integration and synchronization with other IoT devices. The objective is to obtain a clear and understandable representation layout of the A/DRC and to validate the DT model by comparing process dynamics and robot motion kinematics between physical and virtual replicas. Thus, following the results of the current research work, integrating digital technologies in manufacturing, like VC, IoT, and Cloud, is useful for validating and optimizing manufacturing processes, error detection, and reducing the risks before the actual physical system is built or deployed.