Regulatory Mechanisms of Exogenous Acyl-Homoserine Lactones in the Aerobic Ammonia Oxidation Process Under Stress Conditions

This study investigated the mechanism by which N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules influence ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) under inhibitory conditions. In laboratory-scale sequential batch reactors (SBRs), the effects of different AHLs (C6-HSL and C8-HSL) on the metabolic activity, microbial community structure, and quorum sensing (QS) system response of AOMs were examined. Caffeic acid, 1-octyne, and allylthiourea were used as ammoxidation inhibitors. The results indicated that under inhibitory conditions, AHLs effectively reduced the loss of ammonia oxidation activity and enhanced the resistance of AOMs to unfavorable environments. Additionally, AHLs enriched AOMs in the microbial community, wherein C6-HSL significantly increased the abundance of <i>amoA</i> genes in AOMs. Furthermore, AHLs maintained the activity of QS-related genes and preserved the communication ability between microorganisms. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between AOMs and QS functional bacteria, suggesting that AHLs can effectively regulate the ammonia oxidation process. Overall, exogenous AHLs can improve the metabolic activity and competitive survival of AOMs under inhibitory conditions.