Evolution of Mars Water-Ice Detection Research from 1990 to 2024

As the most similar planet to Earth in the solar system, Mars’ surface and subsurface water ice provide important clues for studying extraterrestrial life and planetary evolution. Since the 1960s, the exploration of Martian water ice has gradually become a focus of scientific research. This article reviews the evolution of Mars water-ice detection technology from 1990 to 2024 through bibliometric analysis, with a focus on the application of key technologies such as radar detection, image analysis, in situ analysis, thermal infrared imaging, and neutron spectroscopy. The analysis results indicate that research in the field of Mars water-ice exploration has been increasing year by year, with major research institutions including National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the California Institute of Technology (CIT), and key researchers such as Professor James W. Head making significant contributions. Keyword analysis shows that current research is focused on the distribution and status of water ice and its relationship with the Martian climate, and the application of modern exploration technology has also become a hot topic. However, despite continuous technological advancements, issues such as detection depth and data analysis accuracy remain challenges. The complex terrain and extreme climate conditions make water-ice detection difficult. This article also points out that future research should focus on integrating multiple high-precision detection techniques for consistent results and the application of new technologies such as time-varying gravity. Moreover, combined with the application of artificial intelligence, this will provide new directions for the precise detection and data-processing of Martian water ice.