Examining Recreational Activities in UNESCO-listed Botanical Gardens: Kew, Singapore, and Padova

Botanical gardens have been significant spaces for biodiversity conservation, education, and recreation, playing a crucial role in public engagement. This study examines the recreational opportunities employed by three iconic UNESCO-listed botanical gardens: the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK), the Singapore Botanic Gardens, and the Orto Botanico di Padova (Italy). While Kew Gardens integrates structured visitor management, dynamic seasonal events, and inclusivity programs, Singapore Botanic Gardens emphasizes accessible, family-friendly experiences and eco-education within an urban context. Conversely, the Orto Botanico di Padova offers contemplative recreation rooted in its historical design, complemented by modern ecological exhibits. By comparing these gardens, this research highlights the approach they employ to balance recreation with their core missions of conservation and education. Findings highlight the importance of sustainable visitor management practices and the need to address site-specific challenges in botanical gardens.