Development of a dual-layer structured piezoelectric film for haptic applications

Haptic technology enhances digital interactions by simulating the sensation of touch through tactile feedback or vibrations. It enables users to feel more connected to devices by making interactions more natural and responsive. Despite its potential, developing soft piezoelectric actuators for haptic feedback remains challenging due to the inherent difficulty in balancing mechanical flexibility with strong piezoelectric properties. Manufacturing such actuators is further complicated by issues like energy efficiency and material processing. In this study, a dual-layer flexible film made from polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) and barium titanate (BaTiO₃, BTO) is introduced as a solution to these challenges. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, alongside tests on piezoelectric properties, and electric field response, demonstrated that the dual-layer design outperforms traditional piezoelectric films, especially in the 31-direction commonly used in haptic systems. This approach provides a promising solution to enhance the efficiency and flexibility of piezoelectric actuators in haptic technology, opening up possibilities for improved haptic devices.