Exploring relational and structuring skills among Norwegian probation officers during mandatory supervision sessions

This study draws on person-centered therapy, Bordin’s working alliance model, and the guidelines from the Norwegian Prison and Probation Service to explore how Norwegian probation officers demonstrate key relational skills during supervision. Thirteen participants from probation offices in western Norway took part in three focus groups: two with supervisees and one with probation officers. Thematic analysis revealed two key themes: (1) perceptions of inconsistent focus and (2) a cautious atmosphere of trust. While empathy emerged as a crucial factor in building a working alliance, it sometimes came at the cost of structure and planning. However, this imbalance did not necessarily undermine the sessions’ effectiveness, as trust and rapport form a strong foundation for growth. The findings highlight that balancing a strong bond with clear structure is central to effective probation supervision. This implies that probation officers should leverage relational trust to introduce structure, thereby fostering sustainable behavioral change.