Solid-phase microextraction with recessed matrix compatible coating for in situ sampling of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in meat

This study presents a novel method for in situ extraction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from intact meat samples using a recessed solid phase microextraction (SPME) device coupled with LC-MS/MS. The SPME device with matrix-compatible coating (HLB-WAX/PAN) in the recessed section, exhibited mechanically robust and low matrix effects in meat samples (-13.7-11.1 %). Key parameters influencing extraction efficiency, including extraction time, adsorbent amount, extraction temperature, and desorption time were comprehensively optimized. The stability of PFAS adsorbed onto the coating during storage at different temperatures and durations was also assessed. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method demonstrated applicability across pork, beef, and lamb tissues with excellent linearity (R² ≥ 99.32 %), good sensitivity (LOD in the range of 0.01-1.52 ng/g), as well as acceptable accuracy and reproducibility (intra-day and inter-day). Compared with conventional methods, the SPME-LC-MS/MS method shows the advantages of simple operation, short extraction time and low organic solvent consumption with low matrix effects. This approach offers a straightforward and reliable solution for direct in situ monitoring PFAS in commercial meat samples and has potential for on-site application.