CIRUGÍA ROBÓTICA Y LAPAROSCÓPICA: INNOVACIONES QUIRÚRGICAS EN LA MEDICINA

Robotic surgery is defined as a minimally invasive technology, of great precision, which through three-dimensional images, allows the surgeon to perform procedures with a high complexity by means of a console, even away from the patient, reducing the interference of the doctor’s hands and the mobility of the instrumentation, especially in surgical fields with restricted spaces. Laparoscopy uses thin instruments that are inserted through small abdominal incisions, guided by enlarged images on high-resolution monitors. The methodology used in this study consisted of a literature review, analyzing articles available in the PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs and Google Scholar database between 2021 and 2024. Robotic surgery offers several advantages, precision being one of the main benefits. Robotic systems allow for extremely controlled and high-precision movements, which is especially useful in complex surgeries. Advantages of laparoscopy in relation to open surgery, has as the reduction of surgical trauma, the minimally invasive approach significantly reduces trauma in the surrounding tissues, which results in lower rates of systemic inflammation and complications. Robotic surgery and laparoscopy are two minimally invasive approaches that have transformed modern medicine, offering more precise and less traumatic alternatives to traditional open surgery. Both techniques have gained popularity due to benefits for patients, such as less postoperative pain, lower risk of infections and faster recovery. However, they present significant differences in terms of effectiveness, cost, safety and learning curve. In short, robotic surgery and laparoscopy offer important benefits for both patients and health professionals, improving clinical outcomes and reducing surgical trauma.