Establishment of an Animal Training Model of Duodenoscopy, Choledochoscopy, and Laparoscopy for Cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis is a condition characterized by the formation of stones in the gallbladder and/or bile ducts. Proficient use of duodenoscopy, laparoscopy, and choledochoscopy techniques plays a pivotal role in managing cholelithiasis. To enhance young doctors' proficiency in multiendoscope technology application, a training model for duodenoscopy, choledochoscopy, and laparoscopy was established using a live pig model. Initially, the duodenoscope was used to access the duodenum through passage through the mouth, esophagus, and stomach to observe the duodenal papilla. Subsequently, the tube was inserted into the common bile duct, followed by the placement of the guide wire. Trocars were subsequently inserted to establish pneumoperitoneum and facilitate the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The common bile duct was explored and opened with the retrieval of the guide wire found within it. The choledochoscope was then used to explore both distal common bile duct and intrahepatic bile ducts. Finally, under duodenoscopy guidance, either nasobiliary tube or plastic biliary stent placement occurred before primary suture closure of the common bile duct. Establishing a multi-scopy combined animal model can further enhance young doctors' proficiency in multi-scopy combined technology through practical experience.