A fractal patterned and MXene@NPC incorporated graphene-electrodes-based patch sensor for long-term and continuous electrocardiogram remote monitoring

Skin-adherent dry-electrode patches have enabled continuous and real-time remote monitoring of various physiological signals. However, these patches are often exposed to noise due to motion artifacts and high impedance occurred during body movements and use air-impermeable substrates that cause signal degradation. Herein, we present a fractal patterned nanocomposite electrodes-based patch incorporating MXene and nanoporous carbon (MXene@NPC) on laser-induced graphene (LIG) for reducing the impact of motion artifacts and skin contact impedance. We also applied phase separation technique to fabricate porous SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) for the development of stretchable and breathable electrocardiogram (ECG) patch sensor. The LIG was successfully transferred to the porous SEBS substrate. The fabricated ECG patch sensor exhibited superior signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 39.7 dB while seated, 23.2 dB while walking, and 19.4 dB while running. The fabricated porous SEBS substrate demonstrated excellent breathability which is verified through water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) test (12.82 mg-cm^-2h^-1 ). This innovative design and development technique is highly promising to develop stretchable and reliable patch sensors for wearable medical and healthcare applications, which can significantly improve user’s comfort.