Socioepidemiological and environmental factors in viral respiratory illness

Introduction: Viral respiratory infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the need for in-depth studies on the topic. Therefore, the relationship between socio-epidemiological and environmental factors and viral respiratory illness in adults is investigated. Objective: to investigate which socio-epidemiological and environmental factors influence human viral respiratory illness. Method: Quantitative, epidemiological, descriptive and spatial research. Data collection took place through the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System. Meteorological data were collected from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and sociodemographic data from the municipalities on the public domain portal of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Statistical tests were carried out to verify the association between socio-epidemiological and environmental factors and human viral respiratory illness resulting from SARS. Results: It is observed that there was an increase of 817.3% in SARS in 2020 in relation to 2019. The viruses Influenza A and B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainflenza, Adenovirus, Metapneumovirus and Bocavirus had higher records in 2019. Rhinovirus had a substantial increase in 2020 (365 cases were reported in 2019 and 1195 cases in 2020). In 2020, 27,961 cases of SARS caused by Sars-CoV-2 were recorded. Using the Spatial Scan method, in 2019 six conglomerates of cities were formed in the state of Paraná and in 2020 eighteen conglomerates of cities were formed in the state. The majority of patients affected by SARS are male, white, with primary education and from urban areas. Regarding hospitalization, the majority required treatment in a hospital environment, with 64.66% of patients requiring ventilatory support with the presence of cough (93.53%), fever (86.74%) and respiratory discomfort (82.66%), among others. Concerning the correlation between viral respiratory illness and the environment, the minimum temperature for the year 2020 showed a significant positive correlation with the SARS rate (0.56), with no significant correlation being detected for the other variables.