Advancing Photovoltaic Transition: Exploring Policy Frameworks for Renewable Energy Communities

In the decarbonization process, the solar energy sector will play a crucial role, representing one of the key technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In Italy, photovoltaics stands out as the fastest-growing energy sector, thanks to the combination of favorable climatic conditions, supportive policies, and a growing interest in renewable energy sources. In this context, renewable energy communities (RECs) emerge as potential strategic tools for promoting the development of photovoltaics nationally and at the European level. Therefore, this study aims to examine the policy and regulatory frameworks governing RECs in Europe and Italy, highlighting their impact on the establishment, operation, and evolution of these communities. Through a critical analysis of legislative documents at both the European and national levels, this research identifies the key factors shaping the growth and functionality of RECs, such as governance structures, economic incentives, and social inclusivity. This study underscores the dual influence of comprehensive regulation and a certain degree of flexibility in fostering RECs’ adaptability to diverse contexts. Additionally, it identifies existing challenges, including regional implementation disparities, legal ambiguities, and potential conflicts with other renewable energy policies. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on decentralized energy systems, providing insights for policymakers to refine frameworks and maximize RECs’ contributions to sustainable energy transitions.