Abdominal Pain Due to Liver Capsule Rupture: A Rare but Fatal Complication of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Spontaneous rupture of the liver capsule secondary to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare complication with high mortality. Case Description: This article presents the case of a 73-year-old male with no prior HCC diagnosis who presents acute abdominal pain and hemodynamic instability. Computed tomography reveals a heterogeneous liver lesion with capsular rupture and hemoperitoneum. Discussion: Management strategies focus on hemodynamic stabilization and bleeding control through transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), surgical hemostasis or liver resection, the treatment selection is based on disease severity and patient condition. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering HCC rupture in patients with acute abdominal pain and risk factors for liver disease, as early recognition and appropriate intervention significantly impact survival outcomes.