STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BIOFILMS: TRANSMISSION, CHALLENGES, AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN LIVESTOCK FARMING

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animals, causing diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, and other ailments. The ability of S. aureus to form biofilms exacerbates infections by enabling the bacteria to adhere to mucosal surfaces and livestock products, thereby threatening animal health and compromising the safety of livestock-derived goods. This review outlines the impact of S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts. Additionally, it examines the mechanisms by which S. aureus establishes itself in animals and the associated risks to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are discussed, along with promising strategies for mitigating S. aureus infections in animal husbandry. These strategies include the use of antimicrobials, vaccines, and other innovative approaches to enhance livestock health and productivity, ensuring the sustainable development of the animal husbandry sector and improving food safety.