Study utilization of circulated Al₂O₃-water nanofluid in engine cooling process

Abstract Researchers and industries are trying to enhance engine efficiency to mitigate global warming and reduce the emission of toxic gases, particularly in Karawang Regency, the hub of largest automotive manufacturing sector in Southeast Asia. The engine cooling system is critical, as it consumes approximately one-third of the input energy. A key factor influencing this efficiency is the type of coolant utilized. Traditional coolants such as water, glycerol, and ethylene glycol have been widely used, yet their performance remains inadequate in the rapidly evolving industrial landscape. Therefore, it is essential to develop and evaluate new coolant fluids with promising potential. Aluminum oxide-water (Al 2 O 3 -water) nanofluid presents a viable option for future engine cooling applications. The high thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles can enhance the heat absorption capabilities of the base fluid. The proposed research method is experimental, encompassing several stages preliminary study, nanoparticle preparation, nanofluid fabrication, setup of testing equipment, testing procedures, analysis, and conclusion. The research variables include nanofluid concentrations of 0.1% and 0.3% by volume, along with flow rates of 0.024 kg/s and 0.032 kg/s. Results indicated that the highest increase in heat transfer was observed with the 0.3% Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid, followed closely by the 0.1% Al 2 O 3 -water comparison to water-based fluid.