Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking with Vitals of Young Male Adults in District Hyderabad, Sindh

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the significant public health concerns worldwide. Its effect on various physiological systems is well-documented, with evidence strongly indicating its adverse effects on vitals including heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature. Objective: This study aimed to find the relationship between cigarette smoking and vitals among young male adults of district Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional comparative study. Settings: Hyderabad district of Sind, Pakistan. Duration: January 2024 to March 2024. Methods: A simple random technique was used to collect the data. Blood pressure was measured by a digital sphygmomanometer in a sitting position; Heart rate was measured by using a digital pulse oximeter. Results: In this study, 365 individuals participated, categorized into two groups, smokers (n=166) and non-smokers (n=199). The mean ages of smokers were 29.65 ± 4.52, and non-smokers were 28.87 ± 4.35. Heart rate was 68.79 ±3.95 in smokers and in non-smokers 65.85 ±3.15 beats per minute, respiratory rate was 16.93 ± 2.31 in smokers and 1.27 ± 0.79 beats per minute, the temperature was 97.30 ± 0.60 in smokers, and in non-smokers, 96.48 ± 0.61 Fahrenheit, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in smokers were 121.35 ± 8.56, 82.35 ±3.75 and in non-smokers were 116.57 ±5.65, 79.68±4.23. All vitals were found to be higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: In this study, the findings concluded the positive association of cigarette smoking with increased vitals among young adults.