Review of Nano-Composite PCM AlN/EG and Heat Pipe as a Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System

Abstract The battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential for maintaining the battery’s temperature and hence its performance. BTMS is classified into three types: active cooling, passive cooling, and hybrid approaches. Because of its simple design, lack of additional power, and even temperature distribution, PCM is extensively used as a BTMS as a passive cooling technique. PCM also has drawbacks like leak sensitivity and limited heat conductivity. This stimulates PCM performance enhancement attempts. Adding reinforcing material to PCM is a standard way to increase its performance. Aluminum nitride (AlN) and expanded graphite (EG) are commonly employed as fillers. The addition of EG and nano-AlN materials can improve the performance of PCM composites compared to pure PCM. Chemical interactions between these materials do not take place either. It is undeniably advantageous that these two materials may be combined into pure paraffin-based PCM for energy storage applications. The combined or hybrid system of BTMS is the optimum alternative for increasing heat transmission from the battery modules into the surrounding environment. The battery temperature will at good maintained well with the combination of 2 (two) and 3 (three) passive cooling methods or even combined with active cooling methods such as air-forced convection. In BTMS, the heat pipe is widely employed as a heat transfer improvement.