Effect of biochar type on planting media contaminated with heavy metals Pb, Cr, and Hg on growth and yield of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) as well as Bioaccumulation Factor and Translocation Factor

Soil pollution by heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg) can reduce soil quality and crop productivity, including rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three types of biochar - rice straw and husk biochar (Br), fruit and vegetable waste biochar (Bw), and lignohumic biochar (Bl) - on rice growth, yield, and Bioaccumulation Factor BAF) and Translocation Factor (TF) values. The research was conducted in heavy metal contaminated planting media using a Randomized Group Design (RAK). The results showed that biochar effectively reduced heavy metal levels in soil and increased rice growth and yield. Coir and coconut shell biochar (Bc) showed the lowest BAF and TF values, thus reducing the risk of heavy metal contamination in rice seeds. This study indicates the potential of biochar as an ecological solution for the management of heavy metal contaminated agricultural land.