Comparative study of the category of nominative case in Russian and karta-karaka in Hindi: Typological and functional aspects

This study aims to identify typological and functional parameters of the nominative case in Russian and the karta-karaka in Hindi. The article presents a comparative analysis of morphological, syntactic, and semantic phenomena, emphasizing aspects such as prototypical characteristics, synthetic and analytic strategies, and variance in grammatical means. The scientific novelty of the study consists in systematically categorizing these case systems and identifying their similarities and differences. The findings of the study show that the nominative case in Russian is morphologically marked, taking into account gender, number, and case, while the karta-karaka in Hindi remains unmarked and requires the use of postpositions. The analysis revealed differences in syntactic organization: Russian allows a flexible word order due to morphological marking, whereas Hindi employs a fixed word order. The semantic analysis demonstrated a functional similarity between both constructions in subject identification, while preserving distinctions influenced by the grammatical traditions of each language. The results highlight the structural and functional diversity of these systems and suggest prospects for further comparative-typological research.