Performance evaluation of post-processed kinematic precise point positioning solution for environmental applications

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a modern satellite-based technique known for its simplicity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, eliminating the need for a reference or base station. This study evaluates the accuracy of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions for both static and kinematic observations using the CSRS-PPP service. To ensure a fair comparison, PPP-derived results were assessed against relative positioning techniques. Field measurements, including static and kinematic data, were collected across a 39 km² study area in northern Egypt to generate topographic contour maps. The findings indicate that PPP is a viable alternative for static positioning, achieving a 2D horizontal accuracy of ±2.54 cm, though vertical accuracy is lower at 11.3 cm. In kinematic mode, horizontal accuracy is ±5 cm, while vertical accuracy decreases to 18.4 cm. While the achieved 2D accuracy meets the needs of most environmental applications, the lower height precision may not be suitable for tasks requiring high vertical accuracy.