Association between Expression Levels of Phenylacetoglutamine and Heart Failure

Cardiovascular disease poses a significant health challenge globally, with heart failure being a common and often fatal endpoint for many cardiac conditions. Despite advances in medical science, the mortality rate among heart failure patients remains distressingly high, largely due to the absence of superior diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Phenylacetylglutamine, an active metabolite generated by intestinal microbes, is acknowledged as being linked to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, through a comprehensive literature review, this paper explores the correlation between phenylacetylglutamine levels and heart failure levels, the correlation between phenylacetylglutamine and heart failure markers, as well as summarising the impact of phenylacetylglutamine on the prognosis of heart failure patients. By synthesizing and analyzing current research, this study aims to elucidate the relationship between PAG expression levels and heart failure and its underlying mechanisms. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge and may provide new insights and approaches to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treatment heart failure.