Headspace solid phase microextraction combined with GC–MS for the analysis of volatile compounds of <i>Calystegia silvatica</i> (Kit.) Griseb. from Algeria

This study represents the first investigation of the volatile composition of <i>Calystegia silvatica</i> (Convolvulaceae) collected in Algeria, using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). This technique allowed the identification of 44 compounds, constituting 96.9% of the total components. These compounds belong to various chemical classes, including sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (22) and non-terpene derivatives (13), as major groups. Remarkably, the volatile profile of <i>C. silvatica</i> was dominated by sesquiterpenoids (87.1%), particularly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (83%). Analysis of the aroma profile revealed that the main metabolites were <i>β</i>-caryophyllene, <i>α</i>-gurjunene and germacrene D. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were present in a smaller proportion (4.1%), mostly represented by palustrol. Other chemical classes, such as monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, non-terpene derivatives and apocarotenes, have been found in limited quantities. It is worth noting that the data presented in this study have not previously been reported for <i>Calystegia</i> species.