Latitude and Community Diversity Primarily Explain Invasion Patterns of Widespread Invasive Plants in Small, Subtropical Lakes

Within the study of aquatic invasive species, small aquatic ecosystems are often neglected, despite representing most global freshwater bodies. This study uses community composition and environmental and geographic factors to explain the occurrence of invasive species in small lakes in the southeastern United States. Four invasive species widespread in the southeastern United States were selected as the focus of this study: <i>Alternanthera philoxeroides</i>, <i>Cyperus blepharoleptos</i>, <i>Panicum repens</i>, and <i>Triadica sebifera</i>. The aquatic plant communities of the lakes were surveyed using littoral zone point sampling. Generalized linear models for each species were fit with the probability of occurrence (<i>P</i> _<i>occ</i> ) as the response variable and Secchi depth, plant species diversity (<i>α-</i>diversity), point richness, perimeter, latitude, and longitude as potential predictors; all predictors were subjected to model selection to define the best-fit models. All best-fit models were strongly predictive with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values > 0.80. Plant species diversity was positively correlated with <i>P</i> _<i>occ</i> of <i>A. philoxeroides</i>, <i>P. repens</i>, and <i>T. sebifera</i>. Latitude was negatively correlated with <i>P</i> _<i>occ</i> of <i>P. repens</i> and <i>T. sebifera.</i> Perimeter was negatively related to <i>P</i> _<i>occ</i> of <i>A. philoxeroides</i>. Secchi depth was negatively related to the <i>P</i> _<i>occ</i> of <i>C. blepharoleptos</i>. Although plant species diversity and latitude were most commonly predictive, <i>P</i> _<i>occ</i> was usually explained by multiple predictors, suggesting that these relationships are best explained with multiple environmental factors.