The Mpox Response Among Key Populations at High Risk of or Living with HIV in Rwanda: Leveraging the Successful National HIV Control Program for More Impactful Interventions

Mpox, an emerging zoonotic infectious disease, presents a significant public health threat, especially among high-risk groups like female sex workers and men who have sex with men. This commentary reviews and summarizes Rwanda's response to mpox, focusing on its intersection with HIV. Rwanda has adopted an integrated strategy to tackle both mpox and HIV by leveraging lessons and experience from the country's success in the management of HIV and COVID-19, enhancing community engagement and health outcomes. To ensure long-term resilience, Rwanda must continue to invest in surveillance and research, expand vaccination efforts, address stigma, and foster regional impactful partnerships. Investing in fostering scientific and operational research will generate invaluable evidence that could lead to the implementation of evidence-based policymaking and cost-effective interventions.