Biology and ecology of Juniperus phoenicea – J. turbinata – J. canariensis complex II. Genetics, physiology, ecology

This is a review of the literature on genetics, physiology, and ecology, which concerns Juniperus phoenicea, J. turbinata, and J. canariensis, forming together the complex J. phoenicea. Despite the numerous and varied studies, many gaps and deficiences have been identified in these fields. Further research is particularly needed on the genetic diversity and differentiation of all three species across their entire geographic ranges, with special attention on the easternmost localities of J. turbinata. Additional studies on the real photon flux density requirements, transpiration efficiency, water relations, nutrient demands, and mycorrhizal symbiosis for each species and across different locations, depending on the site conditions, would be highly valuable. The phytocoenological characteristics of J. turbinata and J. phoenicea, and their roles in particular phytocoenoses are fairly well recognized. However, data on J. canariensis and J. turbinata on the Arabian Peninsula should be expanded.