Fieldwork and literature review to identify fruits with antidiabetic properties in the Jaffna District, Sri Lanka

Introduction: Antidiabetic medications are often associated with side effects such as mood changes, dizziness, and breathing difficulties. Studies have suggested that fruit consumption may contribute to the prevention and management of diabetes. This study aimed to document the fruits sold in the Jaffna District, Sri Lanka, through fieldwork conducted at markets, fruit kiosks, shops, superstores, and street vendors and, to determine the antidiabetic potential of the identified fruits. Methods: To conduct this study, researchers visited key markets and local kiosks at least three times to document the presence of fruits, identify different species, and observe how they are used in local diets. The antidiabetic potential of the identified fruits was assessed by reviewing scientific evidence from published studies in electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, up to September 2023. Results: A total of 103 fruit species belonging to 43 families were identified, 9% of which are utilized in antidiabetic preparations in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine. Among the identified fruits, 52% demonstrated in vivo evidence, 22% were supported by in vitro studies, and 20% had clinical evidence. Additionally, 22 active compounds were isolated from these fruits. Conclusion: This study serves as a valuable resource for future research on the antidiabetic potential of fruits in the Jaffna District. Further investigations are needed to fully explore their therapeutic applications in diabetes management.