Comprehensive Case Analysis of Prostatic Stones: The Role of FTIR Spectroscopy in Biochemical and Chemical Characterization and Management

Introduction: Bladder stones are a common complication of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), especially in elderly patients with comorbidities, requiring effective management strategies. This report highlights the use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in stone composition analysis to guide treatment and prevention. Methods: This case report describes an 88-year-old male with BPH, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and chronic renal failure, presenting with pain and urinary retention. His condition was complicated by bladder lithiasis and upper urinary tract involvement, requiring a urinary catheter for four months. Ultrasonography revealed a fully distended bladder with multiple large calculi and a significantly enlarged prostate. The patient underwent upper prostatic adenomectomy, during which seven stones (weighing 19.95 g, measuring 1.7-2.2 cm) were extracted and analyzed using optical microscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Results: Microscopic examination revealed smooth, concentric layers with radial crystallization. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy identified uric acid anhydrous as the main component, confirmed by characteristic absorption bands. Conclusion: This report emphasizes the importance of stone composition in guiding treatment decisions. FTIR spectroscopy offers valuable diagnostic insights and aids in preventing recurrence. Further studies with control groups are necessary to assess long-term outcomes.