Biochemical Investigations and Green Synthesis Characterization using Aqueous Extract of <i>Ageratum Conyzoides</i> L. Leaf

Introduction: Ageratum conyzoides L., commonly known as Goat Weed, has long been utilized in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study aims to scientifically validate these claims and explore the potential applications of the plant in nanotechnology. Methods: In this experimental study, the biochemical profile of A. conyzoides was assessed using standard analytical techniques. Phytochemical analyses, including the alkaline reagent test, Hager's test, foam test, and Liebermann's test, were performed on the extract following established methods, all indicating its medicinal potential and strong antioxidant activity. Antioxidant properties were evaluated through DPPH and NO radical scavenging assays, as well as the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Nanoparticles of A. conyzoides were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds, all contributing to its medicinal potential and strong antioxidant activity. Toxicological evaluations, including acute and sub-acute toxicity tests, as well as hematological and white blood cell analyses of treated Wistar rats, confirmed a positive and favorable safety profile for the extract. The results also demonstrated that the aqueous extract of A. conyzoides exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Additionally, the extract facilitated the green synthesis of silver, copper, and zinc nanoparticles. Conclusion: The results support the traditional medicinal use of A. conyzoides for treating various ailments, such as wounds and inflammation. Furthermore, the plant shows promising potential in natural antimicrobial applications, nanomedicine, and drug development.