Leveraging heterogeneous energy storage for ADN’s operation under high distributed photovoltaic penetration: a temporal-continuous strategy

Amidst the escalating penetration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems, the reliability and stability of active distribution networks (ADNs) are confronted with significant challenges, including power fluctuations during the day and the rise of demand at night. This paper introduces a temporal-continuous (TC) strategy that harnesses a heterogeneous energy storage system (HESS) to address these challenges effectively. The strategy adeptly employs a synergy of energy storage technologies, notably hybrid battery and flywheels systems, to operate as HESS in ADN operations under high distributed PV penetration. The manuscript succinctly encapsulates the pivotal role of HESS in navigating the intricacies of distributed PV fluctuation, thereby enhancing grid performance and reliability, while emphasizing the shortcomings of existing methods and significance of temporal-continuous (TC) model. Then the research focuses on the modelling of HESS and ADN using TC model, which is crucial in tackling sub-hourly dynamic characteristics. The efficacy of the proposed method is evaluated through a series of numerical tests on a modified IEEE-13 feeder test system, comparing its performance against existing methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed TC method offers a promising avenue for leveraging HESS in improving the operation of ADN.