Locomotion control of Cyborg insects by using ultra-thin, self-adhesive electrode film on abdominal surface

Abstract Cyborg insects are living organisms combined with artificial systems, allowing flexible behavioral control while preserving biological functions. Conventional control methods often electrically stimulate sensory organs like antennae and cerci but these invasive methods can impair vital functions. This study shows a minimally invasive approach using flexible, ultra-thin electrodes on the cockroach’s abdomen, avoiding contact with primary sensory organs. Using liquid evaporation for film adhesion provides a biocompatible process with excellent adhesive strength and electrical durability. Body surface stimulating component structures formed by utilizing an insect’s natural movement showed higher stability than conventional methods. These enable effective control of both turning and straight-line movements. This minimally invasive method maintains the insect’s natural behavior while enhancing cyborg functionality, extending the potential applications.