Vulnerability assessment of low-voltage distribution networks using complex network theory

The rapid integration of distributed energy and diversification of load structures have significantly altered the structure a nd operation of low-voltage distribution networks, making vulnerability assessment crucial. This paper presents a vulnerability evaluation model based on complex network theory, using the AHP-CRITIC combined weighting method to assess both structural and operational vulnerabilities. Key indices, such as electrical betweenness, cohesion, voltage deviation, and three-phase imbalance, are analyzed, and an improved TOPSIS model is proposed to evaluate node vulnerabilities. A case study of a low-voltage distribution network in Fujian Province verifies the model's effectiveness. Results show that nodes 9, 2, and 21 are structurally vulnerable and under significant electrical stress, marking them as weak points. This study provides theoret ical and practical insights for identifying vulnerable areas, optimizing operations, and improving power reliability in low-voltage distribution networks.