Optimal scheduling of multiple renewable energy power centers considering shared energy storage in multi-market operations

With the global energy transition and China's "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" goals, the role of renewable energy, especially wind and solar, is becoming increasingly important. However, the intermittency and unpredictability of these energy sources pose challenges to grid stability. Energy storage technologies (ES) and shared energy storage (SES) models are key solutions to balance supply and demand, enhance grid flexibility, and support frequency regulation markets. The integrated model that enables shared energy storage systems and multiple renewable energy producers to participate in day-ahead energy markets, real-time energy markets, and frequency regulation markets is proposed in this study. Firstly, the model aims to optimize the scheduling of energy storage resources to improve the economic efficiency and grid stability of Renewable Energy Power Centers (REPCs). Then, through theoretical analysis and a literature review, the study explores the potential of energy storage plants in reducing power deviations, optimizing charging/discharging strategies, and enhancing frequency regulation. After that, the Shapley value method is applied to analyze the fairness of revenue distribution among flexible resources within the REPC. The case study is conducted, and the simulation results show that optimized scheduling of energy storage and frequency regulation provides valuable decision-making support for renewable energy center operations, while also significantly improving REPC economic performance and grid stability.